![]() Stage 1 esophageal cancer has grown into the esophagus wall and is treated with surgery to remove the part of the esophagus that contains the cancer, sometimes followed by chemoradiation (chemotherapy and radiation therapy given at the same time).Treatment options for patients with GE junction cancer at various stages include the following 2,3: Adenocarcinomas that start at the GE junction also are treated as esophageal cancers. The two main types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, which most commonly starts in the neck and upper chest region, and adenocarcinomas, which start in gland cells (cells that make mucus) in the lower third of the esophagus. ![]() The lower part of the esophagus, where it connects to the stomach, is called the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. Esophageal cancer can start anywhere along the esophagus, which in adults is usually 11 to 13 inches long. Phase 4: occurs after FDA approval monitors safety and effectiveness in large, diverse populations and collects information on long-term side effects.įOR YOUR REFERENCE: What Is Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer?Ĭancer of the esophagus (or esophageal cancer) starts when cells in the lining of the esophagus begin to grow out of control.Phase 3: gathers more information about safety and effectiveness, studies different populations and dosages and examines use of the drug in combination with other drugs.Phase 2: focuses on effectiveness and obtains preliminary data on whether the drug works in people who have a certain disease or condition.Phase 1: tests an experimental treatment on a small group of often healthy people to judge its safety and side effects and find the correct dosage.The number of participants increases in each phase, starting from 20 to 80 people for a phase 1 trial to up to 3,000 for a phase 3 trial (Figure 1). To find out whether a drug can be approved for use, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires four phases of a clinical trial. ![]() The following information is for educational purposes and is not medical advice.įOR YOUR REFERENCE: What Are Clinical Trials?Ĭlinical trials determine whether a drug works in humans and if it is safe and effective. The Educated Patient ®: Research Updates provides current clinical updates for different disease states. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |